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doc/ssh公私钥配置.md
2025-10-19 23:17:49 +08:00

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# 配置ssh密钥快速指南
配置密钥可以实现快速登录就是了
# 快速指南:生成 SSH 密钥对用于 Git
## 1. 检查现有 SSH 密钥
### Linux / macOS
```bash
ls -al ~/.ssh
```
### WindowsPowerShell / Git Bash
```powershell
# PowerShell
Get-ChildItem -Path $env:USERPROFILE\.ssh
# Git Bash
ls -al /c/Users/YourUserName/.ssh
```
常见文件:
- `id_rsa` / `id_rsa.pub`RSA 密钥对)
- `id_ed25519` / `id_ed25519.pub`ED25519 密钥对)
> ⚠️ 注意:如果已有密钥且希望复用,可跳过生成步骤。
---
## 2. 生成新的 SSH 密钥对
### 2.1 使用 ED25519推荐安全且快速
### Linux / macOS
```bash
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com"
```
### WindowsPowerShell / Git Bash
```powershell
# Git Bash / PowerShell
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com"
```
- `-C` 用于添加备注(通常填写邮箱)
- 系统会提示:
- **文件名**(默认 `~/.ssh/id_ed25519``C:\Users\YourUserName\.ssh\id_ed25519`
- **密码短语**(可选,用于额外保护私钥)
### 2.2 使用 RSA兼容性更好但略旧
### Linux / macOS
```bash
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
```
### WindowsPowerShell / Git Bash
```powershell
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
```
- `-b 4096` 指定密钥长度,推荐 4096 位
---
## 3. 添加 SSH 私钥到 SSH Agent
### Linux / macOS
1. 启动 ssh-agent
```bash
eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
```
2. 添加私钥:
```bash
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
# 或者 RSA 私钥
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
```
### WindowsPowerShell / Git Bash
1. 启动 ssh-agent 服务:
```powershell
# PowerShell
Start-Service ssh-agent
# 设置为开机自启(可选)
Set-Service -Name ssh-agent -StartupType Automatic
```
2. 添加私钥:
```powershell
ssh-add C:\Users\YourUserName\.ssh\id_ed25519
# 或者 RSA 私钥
ssh-add C:\Users\YourUserName\.ssh\id_rsa
```
> 🔑 如果你设置了密码短语,需要在此步骤输入一次。
---
## 4. 将公钥添加到 Git 账号
### Linux / macOS
```bash
cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
```
### WindowsPowerShell / Git Bash
```powershell
# PowerShell
Get-Content C:\Users\YourUserName\.ssh\id_ed25519.pub
# Git Bash
cat /c/Users/YourUserName/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
```
然后登录 Git 平台GitHub、GitLab、Gitee 等)添加公钥。
---
## 5. 测试连接
### Linux / macOS / Windows
```bash
ssh -T git@github.com
```
- 第一次连接可能提示是否继续,输入 `yes`
- 成功提示示例:
```
Hi username! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.
```
---
## 6. 配置 Git 使用 SSH
### Linux / macOS / Windows
```bash
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your_email@example.com"
git remote set-url origin git@github.com:username/repo.git
```
- 确保远程仓库使用 **SSH 地址** 而不是 HTTPS
---
## ✅ 小贴士
- **ED25519 优先**:更安全、更短更快
- **私钥妥善保管**:不要上传到任何平台
- **不同机器不同密钥**:每台设备建议生成独立密钥
- **密码短语保护**:防止密钥泄露被直接使用